Mutimedia Resources on Bioethics, Cloning, & Reproductive Technologies 2001 Human Genome Odyssey Conference
Lawrence M. Hinman
Daniel Callahan
PowerPoint Presentations
Online Surveys
Case Studies
Internet Resources on Cloning,Genetics, and Reproductive Technologies General
Religious Documents
Bioethics
in the New Millennium.
"Ethics, Health Care and Disability"
Cloning For an early and classic article on cloning by the co-author of "The Double Helix," see James D. Watson, "Moving toward the Clonal Man," Atlantic Monthly, May, 1971.
For information on the recent cloning of mice, see the following:
In October 1997 Nature and the British Council in France organized a one day meeting in Paris to debate approaches to the ever more complex issues arising in bioethics.
NPR's "Talk of the Nation" Gene Patents Host: Ira Flatow. Guests: Chuck Ludlam, Vice President for Governmental Relations, Biotechnology Industry Organization Washington, DC; Lori Andrews, Professor, Law, Chicago Kent College of Law, Director, Institute for Science, Law and Technology, Author, The Clone Age: Adventures in the New World of Reproductive Technology (Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1999), Chicago, Illinois; Dr. David R. Cox, Professor, Genetics, Professor, Pediatrics, Co-Director, Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. This week, a private company announced that it has filed over six thousand provisional patents on parts of the human genome. This hour, we'll take a look at the race to sequence and patent the human genome, and what gene patents mean for the ongoing battle against genetic diseases. October 29, 1999. New Reproductive Choices Host: Melinda Penkava. Guests: Elizabeth Bartholet, Professor, Harvard Law School, Author, Family Bonds: Adoption, Infertility, and the New World of Child Production (Beacon, 1999); Glenn McGee, Associate Director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania. Description: A New York doctor has successfully re-implanted ovarian tissue in a twenty-nine year old woman, apparently restoring her fertility and reversing early menopause. The procedure is only the latest in a series of breakthroughs from artificial insemination to frozen embryos that are redefining how we reproduce. What kind of effect will these changes have on society, and on the relations between men and women? September 29, 1999 Patients' Bill of Rights Host: Ray Suarez. All the politicians in Washington seem to be in favor of patients' rights, so you'd think agreement on legislation wouldn't be a problem. Of course, Democrats and Republicans see the issue very differently, and many observers are wondering how much the final bill will be shaped by posturing for the 2000 elections. Join Ray Suarez and guests to discuss the latest developments in the partisan battle over a patients' bill of rights. July 15, 1999. Medical Information and Privacy Host: Ira Flatow. Guests: Barry Steinhardt, Associate Director, American Civil Liberties Union, Washington, DC; Paul Clayton, Professor and Chair, Department of Medical Informatics, Director, Clinical Information Services, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York; Kathleen Frawley, Vice President, Legislative and Public Policy Services, American Health Information Management Association, Washington, DC. We take a look at your private medical records. In this age of electronic record-keeping, literally hundreds of people may have access to your private medical information. Who would want to use your medical records, and why? And what is being done to protect your privacy? June 25, 1999. Salt Lake City Remote/Genetics Research Host: Ira Flatow Guests: Jeffrey Botkin, Director, Genesis ("Genetic Science in Society") Program Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Mario Capecchi, Distinguished Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Ray Gesteland, Chair, Department of Human Genetics, Director, Utah Genome Center Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Mark Leppert, Associate Professor, Department of Human Genetics Eccles Institute of Human Genetics University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; , Director, Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Large Utah families who keep detailed genealogical records and donated blood samples have helped scientists around the world in their quest to map all the genes in the human body. In this hour, we'll talk with genetics researchers at the University of Utah about mapping and sequencing the human genome, searching for disease genes, and other genome science. May 15, 1998 Reproductive Issues Host: Ray Suarez Guests: Alan Guttmacher, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Clinical Geneticist, Director of the Vermont Regional Genetics Center; Marsha Saxton, Researcher, World Institute on Disability, Oakland, CA, Teaches disabilities studies, University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health. Description: What are the ethical implications of genetic screening and neo-natal testing for disabilities? Should people with disabilities be allowed to have children? Do mentally retarded parents necessarily produce mentally retarded children? There are many questions and misconceptions about the reproductive issues confronting America's disability community. History/Future of Biotech Guests: Daniel Koshland, Former Editor (1985-1995), Science Professor, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Edward Penhoet, Co-founder and Former CEO (1981-1998), Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, Dean, School of Public Health, Professor, Public Health, Professor, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Paul Rabinow, Author, "Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology" (University of Chicago Press), Author, "French DNA, Trouble in Purgatory" (University of Chicago Press), Professor, Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California. From cloned mice to insect-resistant crops, the biotechnology revolution is here... changing the way we think about biology, medicine, and agriculture. What scientific advances gave rise to biotech, and what will the future bring? In this hour, we'll talk with some of biotech's pioneers-- and observers --on the history and future of biotechnology. March 12, 1999. Germ Theory Host: Ira Flatow. Guests: Paul Ewald (EE-wald), Professor of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts; Siobhon (shu-VAWN) O'Connor, M.D., Researcher, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Ward Kennedy, M.D., Cardiologist, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Professor of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. A new report out this week presents more evidence linking heart disease to a common bacterial infection. It seems many of the diseases we once attributed to genetics or lifestyle choices are turning out to be caused by microbes. In this hour, we'll take a look at the NEW infectious diseases, their causes, and maybe some cures. February 26, 1999. Stem Cells Host: Ira Flatow. Guests: John Gearhart, Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Eric Meslin, Executive Director, National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Rockville, Maryland; Bruce Torbett, Researcher, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kent Smith, Research Associate, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California. Human embryonic stem cell research, which holds the promise of curing many diseases, has been hampered by a lack of funds. But last week, the federal government ruled that much of this work is eligible to receive federal funds, a decision that the National Bioethics Advisory Commission is slated to debate. January 29, 1999. Fertility Treatments and Multiple Births Host: Ira Flatow. Guests: Andrea Bonnicksen, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois; Deborah Wachenheim, Government Affairs Director, RESOLVE, Inc., Somerville, Massachusetts; Benjamin Younger, M.D., Executive Director, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama. Last month, a Texas woman taking fertility drugs gave birth to eight pre-term infants. Who pays for expensive treatments and hospitalizations, and should physicians do more to prevent multiple births? In this hour, we'll be talking about the medical, ethical, and cost issues that arise when fertility treatments result in multiple births. January 8, 1999. Who Owns the Egg? / Medical Ethics Host: Ray Suarez Guests: Susan Crockin, Attorney specializing in legal aspects of reproductive technologies and adoption, Author, Lift Every Voice: Turning A Civil Rights Setback Into A New Vision of Social Justice [Simon and Schuster,1998]; Michael John Tucker, Scientific Director, Reproductive Biology Associates, Atlanta, GA; Michelle Seibel, Medical Director, Faulkner Center for Reproductive Center Medicine, Medical Ethicist. Each year thousands of women sell the eggs from their ovaries to infertile couples. But there are no laws on the books that address issues of ownership of genetic material. Now state courts are rushing to develop legislation so that both donor and recipient are clear about their rights. April 1, 1998. New Organ Transplant Rules Host: Ira Flatow. Guests: Joe Palca, Correspondent, National Public Radio, Washinton, DC; Dr. Alan Langas, Chief of Transplantation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Dr. John Rabkin, Transplant Surgeon, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon; Dr. Stuart Youngner, Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Ethics, Case Western Reserve University Western Reserve University, Director of the Clinical Ethics Program, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio. Description: Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala announced new rules for organ transplants this week, changing the way the waiting list for scarce human organs would work, and giving high priority to the sickest group of patients. In this hour, we'll take a look at the new guidelines and the sticky ethics of human organ distribution. March 27, 1998 Human Cloning . Host: Ira Flato. Guests: Lee Silver, Author, Remaking Eden: Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World, (Avon Books), Professor of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Tom Murray, Author, The Worth of a Child, (University of California Press), Director, Center for Biomedical Ethics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Richard Epstein, Professor of Law, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. A scientist in Illinois said this week that he wants to clone humans, even though the government and many scientific organizations are against human cloning at this time. Join Ira Flatow in this hour of Science Friday for a look at human cloning from a scientific, legal and ethical perspective. January 9, 1998. Xenotransplantation. Host: Ira Flato. Guests: Ole Isacson, Associate Professor, Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Director, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; David Sachs, Director, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Paul S. Russell/Warner Lambert Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The largest-ever meeting on xenotransplantation took place this month, and participants had lots to talk about. From transplanted pig brain cells being tested as a treatment for Parkinson's disease, to progress in preventing the rejection of transplanted animal organs, there are many interesting advances in the field. In this hour, we'll discuss the prospects and problems of transplanting cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another. September 19, 1997. Xenotransplantation . Guests: Fritz Bach Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Immunologist Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Andy Cohen Marine Biologist San Francisco Estuary Institute Richmond, California Should the use of animal organs in human transplant surgery be banned? This week, a public meeting at the National Institutes of Health considered the question. This hour, we'll talk with a xenotransplantation researcher who wants the practice banned. Plus, a new study shows that large numbers of non-native species have invaded the San Francisco Bay. We'll hear what this means for native species and the habitat. Medical Privacy . Host: Ray Suarez. Guests: Heidi Wagner Hayduck, Health Policy Consultant, Healthcare Leadership Council, Attorney and specialist in health care and legislative policy; Denise M. Nagel, M.D., Executive Director, National Coalition for Patients Rights, Clinical Instructor, Harvard University Medical School. Right now there are no federal standards to determine who can access your personal medical files on the internet. Part of the problem is that health care providers are often linked to networks that share information electronically. To prevent abuses, Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala will propose national standards this week. Ray Suarez and guests will talk about controls on medical records and efforts to secure health privacy in the computer age Ethics and Reproductive Technologies . Host: Ray Suarez. Guests: Dr. Arthur Caplan, Director, Center of Bioethics and Trustee Professor of Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania; Gladys White, National Board of Ethics and Reproduction. December 2, 1996. Cloning . Host: Ray Suarez. Guests: Dr. Thomas Murray, Center for Bioethics at Case Western Reserve; Dr. Ruth Macklin, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; and Glenn McGee, University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics. February 24, 1997. National Bioethics Advisory Commission
A Bibliographical Survey of Philosophical Literature on Bioethics, Cloning, & Reproductive Technologies Human Gene Therapy On Human Gene Therapy, see Mary Carrington Coutts, "Human Gene Therapy," Scope Note 24. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, 1994); and Walters, LeRoy, and Kahn, Tamar Joy, eds., Bibliography of Bioethics, Vols. 1-19 (Washington, D.C.: Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University). Surrogacy On Surrogacy, see the extensive bibliography in Surrogate Motherhood: Politics and Privacy, edited by Larry Gostin (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990), pp. 338-55. Journals In addition to the standard ethics journals, see the Hastings Center Reports, BioEthics, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy and Law, Medicine & Health Care. Reports There have been a number of national commissions, both here and in England, that have prepared reports and policy recommendations on these issues. See, among others, The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavior Research, Splicing Life: The Social and Ethical Issues of Genetic Engineering with Human Beings (Washington, DC: GPO, 1982); Mary Warnock, A Question of Life: The Warnock Report on Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985); Jonathan Glover et al., Fertility and the Family: The Glover Report on Reproductive Technologies to the European Commission (London: Fourth Estate, 1989); American Fertility Society, Ethics Committee, Ethical Considerations of the New Reproductive Technologies, in Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 46, No. 3, supplment 1 (1986) and Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 53, No. 6, supplement 2 (1990).. For a religious response to the Warnock report by the Regious Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theory in the Univesity of Oxford, see Oliver O'Donovan, Begotten or Made? (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984). For a survey of results of such reports, see LeRoy Walters, "Ethical Aspects of the New Reporductive Technologies," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, No. 541 (1988). Pp. 646-664. Most recently, see the Report of the National Bioethics Advisory Committee, "Cloning Human Beings." General Anthologies There are a number of excellent anthologies available in this area. Among the general anthologies on issues in bioethics, see the excellent Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, edited by Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters, Fourth Edition (Belmont: Wadsworth, 1994); for an excellent selection of both philosophical and non-philosophical authors, see Genetic Engineering: Opposing Viewpoints (San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1994) and Carol Levine, ed., Taking Sides: Clashing View on Controversial Bioethical Issues (Guilford, CN: Dushkin, 1995). Genetic Screening and Engineering One of the principal areas of concern in regard to genetic screening is sex selection. See Mary Anne Warren, Gendercide: The Implications of Sex Selection (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allanheld, 1985); and her "IVF and Women's Interests: An Analysis of Feminist Concerns," Bioethics 2, No. 1 (1988), pp. 37-57; for a review on recent feminist work in this and related areas, see Anne Donchin, "The Growing Feminist Debate Over the New Reproductive Technologies," Hypatia, Vol. 4, No. 3 (1989), pp. 136-149 (also see several other related articles in this volume); and Helen Bequaert Holmes, "Sex Preselection: Eugenics for Everyone?" Biomedical Ethics Reviews&endash 1985, edited by J. Humber and R. Almeders (Clifton, NJ: Humana Press, 1985). Also see Michelle Stanworth, Reproductive Technologies: Gender, Motherhood, and Medicine (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1987). Genetic Screening On the more general issues of genetic screening, see the special issue of The American Journal of Law & Medicine, Vol. 17, Nos. 1-2 (1991) entitled The Human Genome Initiative and the Impact of Genetic Testing and Screening Technology. Also see the essays in Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by Daniel J. Kevles and Leroy Hood (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992). Genetic Engineering For some excellent resources in regard to questions of genetic engineering, see Ethical Issues in the New Reproductive Technologies, edited by Richard Hull (Belmont: Wadsworth, 1990); Kenneth D. Alpern, The Ethics of Reproductive Technology (New York: Oxford University Press); Sherill Cohen and Nadine Taub, eds., Reproductive Laws for the 1990s (Clifton, NJ: Humana Press, 1989); Ruth F. Chadwick, ed., Ethics, Reproduction, and Genetic Control (London: Croom Helm, 1987); Elaine Baruch, et al., Test Tube Women: What Future for Motherhood? (London: Pandora, 1984) contains essays mostly against new reproductive technologies; Clifford Grobstein's From Chance to Purpose: An appraisal of External Human Fertilization (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1981) and his later Science and the Unborn: Choosing Human Futures (New York: Basic Books, 1988); Joseph Fletcher's The Ethics of Genetic Control: Ending Reproductive Roulette (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988) strongly presents the case in favor of genetic manipulation, while Gena Corea's The Mother Machine: Reproductive Technologies from Artificial Insemination to Artificial Wombs (New York: Harper and Row, 1985) gives a strong presentation of argruments against such maniupation. For a well-argued and balanced approach to these issues, see The Perfect Baby: A Pragmatic Approach to Genetics, by Glenn McGee. Also see the issue of The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( March, 1994), with articles by Joseph Palca, "A Word to the Wise; on the Approval of in vitro Fertilization Research;" John A. Robertson, "The question of human cloning;" and Richard A. McCormick, "Blastomere separation: some concerns; embryo splitting as a treatment to in vitro fertilization." For a good collection of essays on the status of the fetus, see Bioethics and the Fetus: Medical, Moral, and Legal Issues, edited by James M. Humber (Clifton, NJ: Humana Press) and Peter Singer et al., eds, Embryo Experimentation (New York: Cambridge University Press). For a critique of the philosophical viability of the notion of the "pre-embryo," see A. A. Howsepian, "Who or What Are We?", Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 483-502, which replied to Richard McCormick's "Who or What is the Preembryo?" in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal; Alan Holland, "A Fortnight of My Life Is Missing: A Discussion of the Status of the Human 'Pre-Embryo,'" Applied Philosophy, edited by Brenda Almond and Donald Hill (London: Routledge, 1991), pp. 299-311. Surrogacy There is a wealth of literature available on surrogacy. See, among many others, On the Problem of Surrogate Parenthood: Analyzing the Baby M Case, edited by Herbert Richardson (Lewiston, N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1987), a collection of ten essays from a variety of standpoints dealing with the moral issues raised by surroacy in general and the Baby M case in particular; New Approaches to Human Reproduction, edited by Linda M. Whiteford and Marilyn L. Poland (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989); Ruth Macklin, Surrogates and Other Mothers (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994) covers a range of issues about assisted reproduction, including surrogacy; also see her earlier book, Moral Choices: Bioethics in Today's World (New York: Pantheon Books, 1987). For a strong set of arguments against surrogacy, see Thomas A. Shannon, Surrogate Motherhood: The Ethics of Using Human Beings (New York: Crossroad, 1988). Also see Alexander Morgan Capron, "Grandma? No, I'm the mother! postmenopausal women becoming pregnant with physician aid," The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 24 ; No. 2 (March, 1994), pp. 24 ff. and B. D. Colen, "Whatever Happened to Baby Jane Doe? and Other Cases Involving Reproductive Ethics," The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 24 ; No. 3 (May, 1994), pp. 2 f. Bioethics and Religion Among the works in this area, see John Mahoney's Bioethics and Belief (Westminster, Maryland: Christian Classics, 1984), which explores the possibility of a dialogue between Christianity and medicine in regard to IVF and other reproductive issues; Theology and Bioethics. Exploring the Foundations and Frontier, edited by Earl E. Shelp (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1985), which contains twenty essays on (1) theology, science, and bioethics; (2) foundations and frontiers in religious bioethics, and (3) religious reasoning about bioethics and medical practice. For the Vatican's position on these issues, see the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation: Replies to Certain Questions of the Day (Boston, MA: St. Paul Editions, 1987). Summaries of Recent Literature on Reproductive Technologies
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Suggestions or contributions ? Send email to hinman@sandiego.edu Page Cite: http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Applied/Bioethics/index.asp - 9/24/2007 |