Multimedia Resources on the Ethics of War, Peace, & Terrorism

Gen. Malham M. Wakin,
   USAF, Ret.

• Keynote Address
     Center for Academic Integrity
     10th Annual Meeting November 4, 2000 Colorado Springs, Colorado

VADM James Bond Stockdale .
   USN Ret

• Moral Courage: An Evening with VADM James Bond Stockdale
      United States Naval Academy November 30, 1999
• "Moral Imperatives of Command"
  
     James Bond Stockdale Lecture in Ethics and Leadership,
     April 2000 University of San Diego
• "The Foundations of Moral Obligation"
     The James Bond Stockdale Lecture in Ethics and Leadership
     University of San Diego, March, 1998

Michael Walzer
   Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton

• The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention
     Ethics across the Curriculum & The Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice
     University of San Diego January 27-28, 2000

Dr. Louis Pojman
   Professor of Philosophy United States Military Academy

• "Moral Saints and Moral Heroes"
     James Bond Stockdale Lecture in Ethics and Leadership
     University of San Diego April 2000

Nancy Sherman
   Former Distinguished Chair in Ethics and Leadership,
   U.S. Naval Academy, and Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown University

• "Ethics and Leadership"
     The James Bond Stockdale Lecture in Ethics and Leadership
      University of San Diego, March, 1998

Lawrence M. Hinman
   University of San Diego

• "Character: What Aristotle Would Say to a DI."
     Marine Corps Recruit Depot, March 8, 2000
• "Character and the Marine Corps" 
     Marine Corps Recruit Depot, September 23, 1998 
  • PowerPoint
  • Text
• "Ethics, Character, and the Military Officer"
     NROTC, USD, April 27, 1999
• "Combat Ethics: Saving Private Ryan"
     Berkeley NROTC, April 6, 2000
  • On-line PowerPoint version
  • Download PowerPoint file

USD Values Institute Forum on Just War and the Balkans

    Sanford Lakoff, Ph.D.
    Norbert Rigali, S.J., Ph.D.
    Rodney Peffer, Ph.D.

• Take our survey on War, Terrorism, and Counterterrorism.
• See the results of our survey on War, Terrorism, and Counterterrorism.

Ethics and Torture

General Resources

• The Ethics of Torture - Ethics Updates
• Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
• MCCAIN STATEMENT ON DETAINEE AMENDMENTS
• "The Ethics of Torture," PBS Religion & Ethics with Bob Abernathy
• Frontline, "The Torture Question." PBS

Military Ethics Case Studies

Resources on Just War Theory

• USD Values Institute Forum on Just War and the Balkans

Classic Texts

• St. Augustine, The City of God, Book XIX  
• St. Thomas Aquinas, "On War"

Anthologies and Texts

• Jean Bethke Elshtain, ed. Just War Theory.  Washington Square, New York: New York University Press
• Douglas Lackey,  The Ethics of War and Peace (Prentice-Hall) Includes chapters on:
  • 1. Introduction: International Ethics and the Challenge of Realism.
    2. Pacifism.
    3. Just War Theory I: When to Fight.
    4. Just War Theory II: How to Fight.
    5. Nuclear War and Nuclear Deterrence.

Books and Articles

• Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars.  A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations.   Second Edition.  Basic Books, 1992.  A superb book, originally published in 1977, which has set the stage for the discussion of just war theory for the past two decades.  It contains a wealth of historical examples as well as theoretical insights.

• Paul Ramsey, The Just War: Force and Political Responsibility. New York: Scribner's, 1968).

• James E Childress, "Just-War Theories," Theological Studies, 1978, pp. 427-445.

• Kenneth W. Kemp, "Just-War Theory: A Reconceptualization," Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 2, Number 2, April 1988 pp. 57-74.

Web Resources

• Brian D. Orend, "War ," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. An excellent overview of just war theory, with interesting material on jus post bellum as well.
• Alex Moseley, "Just War Theory," Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Vincent Ferraro, "Principles of the Just War"
• When is War Justified? An excellent set of resources, containing links to a number of materials not found on other sites. A strong but not exclusive emphasis on Christian sources, including works by Yoder and Hauerwas and others.
• "Just War After the Cold War," American Purpose, Spring, 1996, Vo. 10. No. 1. In mid-January, the Ethics and Public Policy Center hosted the first in a series of scholars' conferences intended to refine contemporary just war thinking by engaging some of the key dynamics of post-Cold War international life. This first conference included an assessment of the new empirical situation faced by just war theorists (A. J. Bacevich), a reconsideration of the content and moral trajectory of the "just cause" criterion (James Turner Johnson), a reconnaissance of the "humanitarian intervention" debate (John Langan, S.J.), and an exploration of the current status of the "competent authority" criterion, with specific reference to the crisis in Bosnia (Eugene V. Rostow). Excerpts from the conference papers are contained on this site, along with examples of the conversation the papers generated.

• Stephen Palmquist, Biblical Theocracy  Appendix B War, Violence, and the State.   There are three interrelated topics worth pursuing in slightly more detail: the theocratic alternative to the "just war" debate; the limitations placed on pacifism and nonviolence by the way wars are portrayed in the Bible; and the irrationality of the typical argument used to legitimize the state and/or other political institutions.

• Catholic Documents: CARRIE An Electronic LIbrary Catholic Church

• Mark and Louise Zwick, "Dorothy Day, Prophet of Pacifism for the Catholic Church"

• ETHICS: A Selected Bibliography .September 1997. Compiled by Virginia C. Shope.  U.S. Army War College Library.   Ethics: A Selected Bibliography, now in its fourth revised edition, was compiled to support the study of ethics, one of the enduring curricular themes at the U.S. Army War College. Like our earlier ethics bibliographies, this list covers some of the fundamentals of moral philosophy, as well as a broad range of contemporary ethical issues, and includes a bibliography on just war theory.

• Just War Theory and the Faith of Unitarian Universalism

• PEACEKEEPING CITATION LIST: Center for Defense Information Number 84

• "Steadfast with a Smile" A conversation with Daniel Berrigan by Jim Wallis

• "Just-War Theory & its Non-pacifist Rivals" Kenneth W. Kemp Department of Philosophy University of St. Thomas

• "JUST WAR THEORY AND THE RECENT U.S. AIR STRIKES AGAINST IRAQ ," Mark Edward DeForest, Gonzaga University

• Just War Theory and the Catholic Church

• James F. Childress, "Moral Discourse about War in the Early Church "  (abstract), Journal of Religious Ethics.

• No Just War in the Fathers

• Christian Documents on Peace

• Nicholas G. Fotion, The Gulf War Cleanly fought..  Bulletin of American Scientists

• Warfighting Literature, includes Aquinas and many others

General Resources on the War in the Balkans

• See the New York Times site on the Kosova crisis
  • Also see its excellent list of web resources
• Amnesty International, AI Report 1997: Somalia. Amnesty International Publications, New York: 1997. 
  • A powerful document, with photographic documentaton

JSCOPE ,
   Joint Services Conferences on Professional Ethics.  The best single source of resources on military ethics. 
   Includes the following papers:

• JSCOPE 2000
  • MAJ Peter S. Bowen, USMCR: "Kosovo and the Aftermath"
  • LT John Carlson, USNR, "The Ethics of Reluctance: What We Can't Learn from the Kosovo Campaign"
  • Prof. Davida Kellogg, University of Maine: "Just War Tradition vs. Public Opinion on American Miltary Involvement in FRY"
  • Dr. Manuel Davenport, Texas A&M University: "Moral Restrictions on the Conduct of War"
  • MAJ Mark Mattox, USA: "The Moral Status of Military Deception"
  • LTC James Carafano, USA: "The Ethics of Operation Cobra and the Normandy Breakout"
  • Mr. Neal Pollock: "Just Because You’re Smart Doesn’t Mean You’re Not Stupid"
  • Dr. David Lutz, Hannover Institute of Philosophical Research: "The Ethics of American Military Policy in Africa"
  • MAJ Charles Pfaff, USMA: "Just War Theory and MOOTW"
  • MAJ Michael Carlino,USMA: "Ethical Education at the Unit Level"
  • Dr. Pauline Kaurin, Pacific Lutheran University: "The Moral Drill Sergeant: On Teaching the Grunts to Do the Right Thing"
  • CPT David Barnes, USMA: "Intervention & the Just War Tradition"
  • MAJ Guy Van Damme, Royal Military Academy, Belgium: "Rational Military Decision Making in Humanitarian Interventions"
  • CDT Michael Starz, USMA: "The Non-toleration Clause: The Bedrock of the USMA Honor Code"
  • Dr. Robert Kennedy, University of St. Thomas: "Why Military Officers Must Have Training in Ethics"
  • Mr. Gordon Campbell, Combined Arms Support Command: "Contractors on the Battlefield: The Ethics of Paying Civilians to Enter Harm's Way and Requiring Soldier's to Depend on Them"
  • Dr. Robert Hickson, USAFA: "Reflections on an Inchoate and Growing Genetics-Based Revolution in MilitaryAffairs: Some Implications for a Predominant Culture of Scientific Materialism and Uncertain Strategic Culture"
  • CPT Carlos Bertha, USARNG: "Military Ethics for ROTC Cadets"
  • Dr. Jean Maria Arrigo: "The Ethics of Weapons Research for Insiders and Outsiders"
  • Dr. James Toner, Air War College, Mr. Christopher Toner, Notre Dame: "Universalism and Military Ethics"
  • Dr. Don Snider, USMA; MAJ John Nagl, USMA; MAJ Tony Pfaff, USMA: "Army Professionalism, the Military Ethic, and Officership in the 21st Century"
  • CPT Dan Wetmore, USAFA: "Nations Red in Toothless Law: Can Mortal Conflict be Moral Conflict?"
  • USMA Cadets Carrie Wibben, Pat Thomas, Rob Stanton, Scott Ross, K.C. Evans and USAFA Cadet Nathan Diller:  "Moral Military Decision Making After the Year 2000"
  • CPT Peter Kilner, USMA: "Military Leaders’ Obligation to Justify Killing in War"
  • MAJ Carl Rehberg, USAF: "Implications of Dereliction of Duty"
  • DDr. Christian Stadler, University of Vienna/Member of the Science Commission of the Austrian MOD: "The Dialectical Dimension of the Moral Military Decision"
  • Prof. A. H. M. (Fred) van Iersel, Dr. Th. A. (Ted) van Baarda and Dr. D. (Desiree)Verweij, Tilburg University and Netherlands National Defense College: "Preparing Soldiers for Responsibility, Integrity and Transparency in the Dutch Armed Forces. Exploring the Realm of Dilemma Training"
  • MAJ Erhan Tanercan, RNLA: "Ethical Decision Making in the Military Decision Making Process"
  • Dr. Steven Tallant, LTC (Ret), USAF and Dr. Richard A. Ryberg, MAJ (Ret), USAF, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire: "Social Work in the Military: Ethical Dilemmas and Training Implications"
  • Dr. Steven Tallant, LTC (Ret), USAF and Dr. Richard A. Ryberg, MAJ (Ret), USAF, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire: "Social Work in the Military: Ethical Dilemmas and Training Implications"
  • Chaplain (LTC) Herbert Strange, US Army Logistics Management College: "It's a Dirty Job . . . "
  • Dr. Michael Wheeler, Strategies Group, Science Applications International Corporation: "Special Advisors to Senior Military Commanders"
  • Dr. Rudolph J. Marcus, Ethics Consultant (Office of Naval Research, Retired): "Sequenced Self-Study for Constellating a Moral Advisor"
  • Mr. Jason Gatliff, Texas A&M University: "Gertian Morality and Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making"

• JSCOPE99
  • Dr. James H. Toner, USAF Air War College:   "Temperance and the Profession of Arms"
  • Dr. Manuel Davenport, Texas A&M University:  The Implementation of Core Values:  The USMC Experience
  • Mr. Peter Bowen, The Sangreal Group:  Beyond Core Values
  • MIDN 1/C Dave Ostwind, USNA,  MIDN 1/C Dunlap, USNA:  "The Honor Concept of the U.S. Naval Academy"
  • Dr. Edith Alexander, AFIS & Ms. Dianne Jeffries, AFIS:  Public Affairs & Visual Information: A Review of Ethics Training at the Defense Information School
  •   LCDR Gary Carr, USN
          A Core Values Academy
  • LTC Willem H. Heijster, Royal Netherlands Military Academy:  "Core Values, the Development of an Ethical Decision-Making Model and the Call for an Ethical Standards Committee in the Royal Netherlands Army"
  •  LTC Reed R. Bonadonna, USMCR:  "Doing Military Ethics with War Literature"
  • Dr. Pauline M. Kaurin, Pacific Lutheran University:  "A Question of Loyalty:  Two Rival Versions of  Moral Education in the Military"
  • LTC William Bell, USA: "The Impact of Policies on Organizational Values and Culture"   "Risk Aversion in the US Army Officer Corps"
  • Dr. Davida Kellogg, University of Maine:   "Career Fear: A Worm in the Core of American Military Values"
  • CAPT Arnold Resnicoff, CHC, USN:  The Core Values Movement Falls Short
  • MAJ Charles A. Pfaff, USMA:  "Core Values: The Problems of Justification and Motivation"
  • Chaplain, LTC, Ken J. Stavrevsky, USAF:  "A Spiritual Foundation for Air Force Core Values"
  • Dr. Jeffrey Tiel, Ashland University:  "Virtue Ethics & Core Values"
  • Mr. Neal J. Pollock, Department of the Navy:  "Ethics, Morality and Civilization"
  • Dr. Eric Wingrove-Haugland, USCGA:  "The Foundations of the Core Values in Western Ethical Theories"
  • LTC William H. Rhodes, USAFA:  The Core Values Movement & Organizational Assessment:  An Unholy Union?
  • CDR Patrick Kelly, USCGA:  Core Values Assessment in the Coast Guard
  • LTC Timothy Challans, USMA:  "Theory in Practice:  The Possibility of a Professional Ethic"
  • COL Charles R. Brower IV, USMA:  "George C. Marshall:  A Study in Character"
  •  CPT Carlos Bertha, Univ. of South Florida:  "The Heroism of Long-Term Military Service"
  • MAJ Mark Mattox, USA,   "Fifth Century Advice for 21st Century Leaders

• JSCOPE98

  • Dr. James H. Toner, USAF Air War College Chair: COL Tony Hartle:  Ordinary Sense and Understanding 
  • Dr. Nancy Sherman, United States Naval Academy:  "Empathy, Respect, and Humanitarian Intervention" 
  • LT COL Richard Hooker, USA, Special Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:  "Building Unbreakable Units"  
  • Dr. Jonathan Shay:  "Cohesion, Confidence, Command Climate: Keys to Preventing Psychological and Moral Injury in Military Service" 
  • LCDR Donald E. Koenig, Jr., USN Chair, LTC Bill Kellner:  "Responsible Use of Force" 
  • Dr. David W. Lutz, St. Thomas:  "Unit Cohesion and Organizational Change" 
  • Col Mark Hyatt, USAFA, LTC R. Thomas Birght, USMC:  "Practical Steps to Character Development" 
  • Maj William Rhodes, USAFA:  "Ethics Teaching Across the Curriculum: Some Principles and Methods for Higher Education" 
  • Dr. Jeffrey P. Whitman, Dr. Fran Harbour:  "Women, Sex, and the Military" 
  • Dr. Davida Kellogg, University of Maine:  "The Tragedy of Kelly Flinn"
  • Col Charles Dunlap, USAF, United States Strategic Command:  "Organizational Change and the New Technologies of War" 
  • CPT(P) Charles A. Pfaff, USA: "Virtue Ethics and Leadership" 
  • Dr. Manuel Davenport, Texas A&M University:  "What We Do In Private" 
  • Dr. Nicholas Fotion, Emory University:  "Puritanism in Ethics: Or Some Speculations on How Not to Teach Ethics to the Military" 
  • Maj J. Carl Ficarrotta, USAFA:  "Are Military Professionals Bound by a Higher Moral Standard?" 
  • Peter S. Bowen:  "Crisis and Change" 
  • Dr. Erik Wingrove-Haugland, US Coast Guard Academy:  "The End of War and the Need for Ethics" 
  • Gordon L. Campbell, US Army Logistics Management College:  "Call to Higher Duty" 
  • Dr. Antje Mays, The Citadel:  "A Common Professional Ethic" 

• JSCOPE97

  • Antje Mays, The Citadel:  "Of Law, Lawlessness, and Sovereignty" 
  • Dr. Thomas Baines, Argonne National Laboratory:  "The Applicability of the Laws of War to Peacekeeping"  
  • Dr. Manuel Davenport, Texas A&M University: "American Forces Under Supranational Control: The Ethical Issues"  
  • Capt. Peter S. Bowen, USMC, NROTC Duke University:  "Srebrenica: Problems of Participation in NATO/UN Operations"  
  • View the Srebrenica presentation given at JSCOPE 97
  • Dr. Davida Kellogg, University of Maine:  "Guerilla Warfare: When Taking Care of Your Own Troops Leads to War Crimes"  
  • David. W. Lutz, University of St. Thomas:  "The Exercises of Military Judgment: The Virtues and Vices of General Douglas MacArthur" 
  • Gordon L. Campbell, US Army Logistics Management College:  "Setting Our Weapons to Stun: The Ethics of Nonlethal Combat"  
  • Faris R. Kirkland, Ph.D. LTC-ret:  "Self-Care, Psychological Integrity, and Auftragstaktik" 
  • COL Gregory Belenky, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research:  "Sleep, Sleep Deprivation and Human Performance in Continuous Operations"  
  • Dr. Jonathan Shay:  "The Invisible Gap: Ethical Standing for Commander Self Care" 
  • LTC D. Chris Osborne, Indiana National Guard:  "Senior Leader Ethics: A Sword not a Shield" 
  • Dr. David L. Mefford and Vera M. Mefford, M.A., Value Axces, presented with CPT Jawn Sischo, Academy of Military Science:  "Value Usage Exercise: How Personal Value Systems Link to Institutional Core Values" 

• JSCOPE96
  • Gordon L. Campbell, USA Logistics Management College:  "Of Reason, Morality and Ethics: The Way of Effective Leadership in a 'Multicultural Society" 
  • Ch (LTC) Willard Goldman, USA:  "In Pursuit of Character Development: Why the US Military is on the Wrong Road"  
  • Captain R.J. Phillips, CHC, USN:  "A Principle Within: Ethical Military Leadership" 
  • CDR Patrick Kelly and Dr. John Gibson, US Coast Guard Academy:  "We Hold These Truths: The Development and Assessment of Ethical Character"  
  • Dr. Davida Kellogg, University of Maine:  "The Importance of theNon-Toleration Clause and Codes of Conduct in the Ethical Education of US Military Cadets"
  • Dr. Lutz, University of St Thomas"Rival Traditions of Character Development: Classical Moral Philosophy and Contemporary Empirical Science" 
  • Rosalie Bernier:  "Canadian Forces and the Department of National Defence Ethics Program"  
  • LTC Faber, United States Air Force Academy:  "The Ethical-Legal Dimensions of Strategic Bombing During WWII: An Admonition to Current Ethicists" 
  • Dr. Nicholas Fotion, Emory University:  "Who, What, When and How to Attack" 

• JSCOPE95
  • Professor Nicholas Fotion, Emory University: "Serving the Society" 
  • Professor Manuel M. Davenport: "Ethics and Leadership" 
  • Major Patrick R. Tower, USAF: "Military and Societal Values" 
  • Professor Kenneth W. Kemp, University of St. Thomas: "Punishment as Just Cause for War" 
  • Dr. John Chomeau, CAPT, USN (Ret): "All is Fair in Love and War" 
  • RADM Donald K. Muchow, Navy Chief of Chaplains: "Preliminary Analysis of American Values of Life and Community" 
  • MAJ Jeffrey P. Whitman, USMA: "An End to Sovereignty?" 
  • Dr. Davida Kellogg, University of Maine: "Is Soldiering an Ethical Decision?" 
  • Dr. Gordon L. Campbell, US Army Logistics Management College: "Justification of Illegal Action or Unethical Inaction: A Conceptual Comparison of National and International Law" 
  • Dr. John Hittinger, USAFA: "The Soldier/Citizen/Scholar" 
  • Col Malham Wakin, USAFA: "The Relevance of Knowing and Doing" 
   

U.S. Department of Defense Standards of Conduct Office

• The General Counsel is also the DoD Designated Agency Ethics Official (DAEO) who oversees the ethics and standards of conduct programs throughout DoD, including providing guidance to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and DoD Agencies.

Defense Information Systems Agency Interactive Ethics Training module

• Provides on-line training covering  the 14 Points of Ethical Conduct in Executive 12674 Order and the Standards of  Ethics Conduct for the Executive Branch.

Bibliography of Military Ethics

• From the War, Peace, and Security series.  Information Resources Center, Canadian Forces College (Toronto)

Defense Industry Initiatives on Business Ethics and Conduct

• DII is a consortium of U.S. defense industry contractors which subscribes to a set of principles for achieving high standards of business ethics and conduct.  Includes annual reports, ethics training resources, and other links.