| Phil. 1: Introduction to Logic | |
| Schedule | |
| Answer Key | |
Exercise 4.6
Helpful PowerPoint Presentation for this section:
Please note that, in contrast to many of the other homework exercises in this chapter, there are oftens several equally acceptable ways of doing these exercises. Do not automatically assume, just because your translation is different from the one given below, that it is wrong. It may, for example, be a valid convers, obverse, or contrapositive of the one given in the answer key. Some examples of acceptable alternative answers are given in the first two questions. In some cases, such as #22, different terms may be taken as the subject term, yielding equally valid translations.
Part I
1. All banks that make too many risky loans are banks that will fail.
Or: No banks that make too many risky loans are banks that will succeed.
Or: No successful banks are banks that make too many risky loans.
2. No women military officers are persons eligible for combat duty.
Or: All women military officers are persons ineligible for combat duty.
Or: No persons eligible for combat duty are women military officers.
3. All times security measures are lax are times terrorist attacks succeed.
4. All substances identical to bromine are substances extractable from seawater.
5. Some guilt feelings are not psychological aberrations.
6. All jazz fans are admirers of Duke Ellington.
7. No halogens are chemically inert elements.
8. All television shows that depict violence are shows that incite violence.
9. No manipulators are persons who make good marriage partners.
10. All ships that fly the Jolly Rodger are pirate ships.
11. All times warmth is applied to pain are times warmth relieves pain.
12. All persons identical to Joseph J. Thomson are persons who discovered the electron.
13. Some organic silicones are things used as lubricants.
14. All vehicles suitable for deep space exploration are nuclear powered vehicles.
15. All heavenly bodies with tails are comets.
16. Some giant stars are things in the Tarantula Nebula.
17. All pregnant women who drink alcohol are women who risk giving birth to a deformed child.
18. All fish that make pearls are oysters.
19. All persons who believe Noah's ark lies beneath the snows of Ararat are persons given to flights of fancy.
20. All things identical to the electroscope are devices for detecting static electricity.
21. Some times are times there are concerts in Central Park.
22. All cities identical to Berlin are cities that were the setting for the 1936 Olympic Games.
Or: All events identical to the 1936 Olympic Games are events that took place in Berlin.
23. No times in January are times the Kentucky Derby is run.
24. All ways of getting rid of a temptation are ways that consist in yielding to it.
25. All places there is smoke are places there is fire.
26. All times eclipses occur are times the moon is full.
27. All times sunspot activity increases are times radio transmissions are disrupted.
28. All ores identical to pitchblende are radioactive ores.
29. No rats are animals that left the sinking ship, and all non-rats are animals that left the sinking ship.
30. All pesticides that contain DDT are dangerous pesticides.
31. All novels written by James Michener are historical novels.
32. All persons who hesitate are persons who are lost.
33. All modern corporations are entities run in the interest of their managers.
34. All times a rainbow occurs are times the sun is shining.
35. All persons who suffer allergic reactions are persons with a weakened immune system.
36. No pineapples are fruits that ripen after they are picked, and all nonpineapples are fruits that ripen after they are picked.
37. Some corporate raiders are persons known for their integrity, and some corporate raiders are not persons known for their integrity.
38. Some monkeys are animals found in the jungles of Guatemala.
39. All monkeys are mammals.
40. All persons identical to me are persons who like strawberries. Or: All things identical to strawberries are things I like.
Part II.
1. Some third generation computers are machines that take dictation.
2. All cars that yuppies drive are BMWs.
3. No cartilaginous fishes are vertebrates with a bony skeleton, and all vertebrates that are not cartilaginous fishes are vertebrates with a bony skeleton.
4. No downhill skiers who suffer from altitude sickness are effective competitors.
5. All substances identical to cobalt are ferromagnetic metals.
6. No nuclear passivists are persons who believe a just war is possible.
7. No matadors are persons who succumb easily to fear.
8. All companies identical to IBM are companies facing restructuring in the years ahead.
9. All toxic dumps that are ecological catastrophes are toxic dumps that leak.
10. All hungry crocodiles are dangerous animals.
Exercise 4.6
Helpful PowerPoint Presentation for this section:
Please note that, in contrast to many of the other homework exercises in this chapter, there are oftens several equally acceptable ways of doing these exercises. Do not automatically assume, just because your translation is different from the one given below, that it is wrong. It may, for example, be a valid convers, obverse, or contrapositive of the one given in the answer key. Some examples of acceptable alternative answers are given in the first two questions. In some cases, such as #22, different terms may be taken as the subject term, yielding equally valid translations.
Part I
1. All banks that make too many risky loans are banks that will fail.
Or: No banks that make too many risky loans are banks that will succeed.
Or: No successful banks are banks that make too many risky loans.
2. No women military officers are persons eligible for combat duty.
Or: All women military officers are persons ineligible for combat duty.
Or: No persons eligible for combat duty are women military officers.
3. All times security measures are lax are times terrorist attacks succeed.
4. All substances identical to bromine are substances extractable from seawater.
5. Some guilt feelings are not psychological aberrations.
6. All jazz fans are admirers of Duke Ellington.
7. No halogens are chemically inert elements.
8. All television shows that depict violence are shows that incite violence.
9. No manipulators are persons who make good marriage partners.
10. All ships that fly the Jolly Rodger are pirate ships.
11. All times warmth is applied to pain are times warmth relieves pain.
12. All persons identical to Joseph J. Thomson are persons who discovered the electron.
13. Some organic silicones are things used as lubricants.
14. All vehicles suitable for deep space exploration are nuclear powered vehicles.
15. All heavenly bodies with tails are comets.
16. Some giant stars are things in the Tarantula Nebula.
17. All pregnant women who drink alcohol are women who risk giving birth to a deformed child.
18. All fish that make pearls are oysters.
19. All persons who believe Noah's ark lies beneath the snows of Ararat are persons given to flights of fancy.
20. All things identical to the electroscope are devices for detecting static electricity.
21. Some times are times there are concerts in Central Park.
22. All cities identical to Berlin are cities that were the setting for the 1936 Olympic Games.
Or: All events identical to the 1936 Olympic Games are events that took place in Berlin.
23. No times in January are times the Kentucky Derby is run.
24. All ways of getting rid of a temptation are ways that consist in yielding to it.
25. All places there is smoke are places there is fire.
26. All times eclipses occur are times the moon is full.
27. All times sunspot activity increases are times radio transmissions are disrupted.
28. All ores identical to pitchblende are radioactive ores.
29. No rats are animals that left the sinking ship, and all non-rats are animals that left the sinking ship.
30. All pesticides that contain DDT are dangerous pesticides.
31. All novels written by James Michener are historical novels.
32. All persons who hesitate are persons who are lost.
33. All modern corporations are entities run in the interest of their managers.
34. All times a rainbow occurs are times the sun is shining.
35. All persons who suffer allergic reactions are persons with a weakened immune system.
36. No pineapples are fruits that ripen after they are picked, and all nonpineapples are fruits that ripen after they are picked.
37. Some corporate raiders are persons known for their integrity, and some corporate raiders are not persons known for their integrity.
38. Some monkeys are animals found in the jungles of Guatemala.
39. All monkeys are mammals.
40. All persons identical to me are persons who like strawberries. Or: All things identical to strawberries are things I like.
Part II.
1. Some third generation computers are machines that take dictation.
2. All cars that yuppies drive are BMWs.
3. No cartilaginous fishes are vertebrates with a bony skeleton, and all vertebrates that are not cartilaginous fishes are vertebrates with a bony skeleton.
4. No downhill skiers who suffer from altitude sickness are effective competitors.
5. All substances identical to cobalt are ferromagnetic metals.
6. No nuclear passivists are persons who believe a just war is possible.
7. No matadors are persons who succumb easily to fear.
8. All companies identical to IBM are companies facing restructuring in the years ahead.
9. All toxic dumps that are ecological catastrophes are toxic dumps that leak.
10. All hungry crocodiles are dangerous animals.