1	Using Computer Technology to Teach Ethics
2	Overview Introduction Four Generations of Ethics Software The Goals of Teaching Ethics and Creating Software to Attain Them
3	Introduction Macromedia Conference 1997 Importing text: “Yes, you can, but why would you want to?”
4	Part One. Four Generations of Ethics Software
5	Four Generations of Ethics Software 1^st Generation: Text-based 2^nd Generation: Hypertext and Simple Graphics 3^rd Generation: Animation, Video, and Interactivity 4^th Generation: Networking
6	1^st Generation Text-based Basically transporting printed material onto the web without rethinking it in a new medium
7	"The Tavani Biblio-" The Tavani Biblio- graphy
8	"Superb resource" Superb resource, but still in the paper-based mode.
9	"My own Ethics Updates bibli-" My own Ethics Updates bibli- ographies
10	2^nd Generation The next generation of ethics software began to shake loose from the paper-based textual model with two additional features: Hypertext Simple Graphics
11	Hypertext In developing Ethics Updates, I realized that some of the entries contained in my bibliography were also on the web; In addition, I realized that there were things on the web that were not available in traditional print.
12	"Hypertext to on-line resources on..." Hypertext to on-line resources on Ethics Updates
13	Graphics Prior to the Web, the use of graphics—especially color graphics—was prohibitively expensive. The Web brought color and the virtually cost-free reproduction of photos and graphic illustrations.
14	"Jon" Jon Dorbolo’s Inter- Quest
15	3^rd Generation Interactivity Video Animation
16	Interactivity One of the more intriguing possibilities of ethics software is interactivity. Sometimes this can be as simple as a prisoner’s dilemma game.
17	Prisoner’s Dilemma
18	The Consequentialist Game Design a game that asks users to calculate the consequences for and against a particular course of action—e.g., spend 3 billion on stem cell research in California: Briefly describe each alternative Identify the groups affected Calculate the intensity of the effects times the number of people affected Consider alternative ways of spending the same amount of money (including not spending it at all) Consider alternative ways of improving public health.
19	Ethics in Software Games One of the most interesting areas is in regard to on-line games that in fact teach people ethics, even if not intentionally. Grant Theft Auto Sims Online
20	Grand Theft Auto Some software definitely presents a Hobbesian world of all against all.
21	Interactivity Of course, philosophy games are far from something like the Sims Online, which has tens of thousands of players.
22	Sims On-line Although the CD-ROM-based Sims is fairly restrained, the on-line game has gone in other directions Cyber-brothels with underage girls How to deal with grievers or scammers Mafias to bring law and order Presidential elections in Alphaville Economic, social and political structures emerge spontaneously in the game Peter Ludlow kicked out of Alphaville for publishing exposes in the Alphaville Herald
23	Video Video on demand offers a new kind of library cheaply and efficiently.
24	Ethics Case Studies Videos One of our projects for next year is a film festival to promote the development of videos of ethical dilemmas by high school students. The best videos will then be put on the Web in streaming video for teachers to use in classrooms to start discussion.
25	The Case of Dax The Dax CD-ROM is probably the best single piece of ethics software created to date.
26	Dax, 2
27	4^th Generation Networking capabilities Chat groups Deliberative poles Multi-player games
28	Interactivity--Picola
29	Distributive Justice
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31	Distributive Justice
32	Part Two. The Goals of Teaching Ethics and Creating Software to Attain Those Goals
33	Goals of Teaching Ethics Convey information Develop analytical skills Empathetically understand moral situations Develop own view on moral issues
34	1. Conveying Information Ethics software is tremendously helpful in conveying information, especially through web searches. Moreover, ethics software can present this information in ways that make it easily searchable. Vast quantities can be stored very efficiently.
35	2. Developing Analytical Skills I want students to learn to read actively, including: Distinguish between important and unimportant See logical structure of passage Reflect on definition of key terms Recognize allusions in the text
36	Distinguishing between important and unimportant
37	Distinguishing between important and unimportant
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39	The Challenge The challenge here is to design software that will develop these analytical skills. The first step is to show by example. The second step is to design a software interface that gets the students to do ti on their own.
40	3. Empathetic Understanding Here the power of video is particularly compelling
41	Ethics Dilemmas Video Project Problem: developing compelling video cheaply Develop student understanding Film Festival Website: video on-demand Classroom use
42	4. Develop Own View Moral understanding involves self-understanding Ethics Interviews series Pre- and post-assessments to develop a sense of moral autobiography Constant writing component throughout process Understanding self also involves understanding others: networked interactions.
43	Conclusion An exciting time Challenges Developing cost-effective software Working in teams Exploring networking capabilities